What types of devices are commonly used to mark landing zones?

The use of smoke grenades, panels, or lights for marking landing zones is rooted in their effectiveness for visual signaling, particularly in various weather conditions and environments. Smoke grenades produce a highly visible colored smoke that can be easily seen from the air, allowing pilots to accurately locate the landing zone. Panels are typically brightly colored and can be laid out on the ground to provide a clear visual reference point. They are particularly useful in daytime operations. Lights can be employed during nighttime landings, providing illumination and helping aircraft identify the intended landing zone quickly and safely.

These devices are specifically designed for marking purposes and are used by pathfinders to ensure that aircrews have the necessary visual references to execute landings effectively. They enhance situational awareness and safety, facilitating smoother operations in dynamic environments. Other options, while they may serve related functions in communication or navigation, do not provide the same immediate visual marking capability for landing zones.